Interpretation
Velocity
time integral and peak velocity of the AR jet. The regurgitant
flow is directed away from the transducer and should be below
the baseline. In this example, however, flow appears above the
baseline because the baseline was inverted. Nkomo VT, Enriquez-Sarano
M. Chronic severe aortic regurgitation. Cardiac Ultrasound Today
8(2/3):21-52, 2002.
Interpretation
Congenital
diaphragmatic hernia. Postnatal parasternal short-axis view with
color-flow Doppler interrogation demonstrating blood flow from
the right pulmonary veins (arrow). No flow is detected from the
left pulmonary veins. Paul JJ, Minich LL. Congenital diaphragmatic
hernia: Pathophysiology, treatment, and the role of echocardiography.
Pediatric US Today 7(1):1-20, 2002.
Interpretation
Figure
2. From 2D CT transverse images, a 3D model is reconstructed to
display an abdominal aortic aneurysm. The aorta and iliac arteries
are arbitrarily colored in red. The thrombus is yellow. The endograft
and calcium are white. Dajani KF, Salles-Cunha SX. Three-dimensional
ultrasonography in vascular medicine. Vascular Ultrasound Today
7(4/5):69100, 2002.
Interpretation
Color
Doppler image in the upper transverse abdomen shows the hepatic
artery (HA) branching off the celiac artery (CA) to the patient's
right. The splenic artery (SA) branches from the celiac artery and
travels to the left. Leonhardt WC. Color-duplex sonography of the
portal-hepatic vasculature. Part I: Normal anatomy and hemodynamics.
Abdominal Ultrasound Today 3(9):133-156, 1998.
Interpretation
Congenital
cystic adenomatoid malformation, type III/microcystic, at 20 weeks
gestation. Axial scan at the level of the 4-chamber heart demonstrates
a large echogenic mass in the left hemithorax with the heart shifted
to the right chest (mediastinal shift). Serial prenatal exams showed
a marked reduction in mass size and return of the heart to its normal
position. Diacon WL. Evaluation of fetal noncardiac thoracic abnormalities.
OB-GYN Ultrasound Today 2(8/9):105-128, 1997.
Interpretation
Figure
8. Top: Color M-mode of mitral flow propagation to the apex. Note
the central alias core of yellow and blue pixels displaying rapid
acceleration during both early diastole and, particularly, atrial
systole. Flow to the apex is completed at the electrocardiographic
R wave. Bottom: Another patient with a pattern of mitral flow propagation
suggestive of impaired relaxation. Note that flow to the apex (red)
continues into systole. Waggoner A, Williams GA. Two-dimensional
Doppler echocardiography and assessment of left ventricular diastolic
filling: Mechanics, prognostic implications, and newer methods.
Cardiac Ultrasound Today 4(4):4968, 1998.
Interpretation
Cross-section,
color flow image of a splenic artery aneurysm. The aorta (AO) and
the celiac trunk (TC) are in blue, denoting flow toward the transducer.
The celiac trunk bifurcation is barely distinguishable, with the
very proximal segment of the hepatic artery also shown in blue.
The initial segment of the splenic artery is in blue, changing to
red and yellow as the direction of flow changes with the curvature
going away from the transducer. The diameter of the splenic artery
was estimated to be 4.1 mm, enlarging to 7.3 mm. Barros FS, Pontes
SM, Taylor MA, Hermman LR. Ultrasonography of abdominal, iliac,
and peripheral aneurysms. Vascular Ultrasound Today 7(1):1-24, 2002.
Interpretation
Figure
1. Top: Longitudinal view in power Doppler of an eccentric plaque
at the popliteal artery. Note popliteal vein (yellow arrow) partially
compressed. Bottom: Cross-sectional view in power Doppler of the
same hypoechogenic plaque. Mazzariol FS. Arterial ultrasound mapping
of the lower extremity. Vascular Ultrasound Today 5(2):2136, 2000. |
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